ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC FEATURES OF PROTEIN CONTENT CONTROL IN SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

This work aims to establish the ecological and genetic features of protein content control in spring barley varieties under the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine. Heіman's genetic analysis allows us to judge the level of additive genetic variability. Under the influence of soil and air drought in 2021, high protein content of grain was noted in parental varieties - 13.5%, in hybrids - 13.3%. Under favorable conditions of 2022 - 12.2% and 11.5%, respectively. In the cool and rainy 2023, the protein content of both is equal - 12.1%. It was found that protein accumulation in spring barley grain depends to a greater extent on the hydrothermal conditions of the year (93.31%) than on the genetic characteristics of varieties and hybrids. In contrasting growing conditions, some advantages of the additive effect of genes in protein inheritance are noted; in optimal conditions, allelic and non-allelic interactions of genes contribute to the heritability of grain protein. A strategy for selection based on protein content in spring barley varieties is proposed for breeding, making it possible to improve the source material.