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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "AgroLife Journal", Vol. 4 ISSUE 1
Written by Ratu SAFITRI, Bambang PRIADIE, Mia MIRANTI, Arum Widi ASTUTI

This study was conducted in order to determine the ability of bacterial consortium: Bacillus coagulans, Bacilus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Nitrosomonas sp., and Pseudomonas putida in bioremediation of wastewater origin Cisirung WWTP. This study uses an experimental method completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of two treatment factors (8x8 factorial design). The first factor is a consortium of bacteria (K), consisting of 8 level factors (k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, and k8). The second factor is the time (T), consisting of a 7 level factors (t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, and t7). Test parameters consist of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), Ammonia and Population of Microbes during bioremediation. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Duncan test. The results of this study showed that the consortium of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Nitrosomonas sp., and Pseudomonas putida with inoculum concentration of 5% (k6) is a consortium of the most effective in reducing BOD 71.93%, 64.30% COD, TSS 94.85%, and 88.58% of ammonia.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Monica CATANĂ, Luminița CATANĂ, Enuța IORGA, Monica-Alexandra LAZĂR, Anda-Grațiela LAZĂR, Răzvan Ionuț TEODORESCU, Adrian Constantin ASĂNICĂ, Nastasia BELC

At industrial level, by apple processing into juice results significant amounts of waste, representing 25-40% of the mass of processed apple depending on the technology applied for juice extraction. At European level, by apple processing into juice results annual millions of tonnes of waste. Apple waste is a rich source of food fibres (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin), minerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, iron, etc.), phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids such as chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid and flavonoids. Also, apple waste contains simple sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose). In this paper are presented the results of the research performed to achieve a functional ingredient (powder) from apple waste resulting in apple juice industry. For this purpose, apple waste (Jonathan, Golden Delicious and Red Delicious varieties) was subjected to a convective drying process at 50°C to protect the bioactive compounds (vitamins, phenolic compounds, etc.) to a moisture content to allow their milling and turning them into powder and their stability in terms of quality. The achieved functional ingredient was evaluated sensory, physic-chemically and microbiologically. Powder achieved from apple waste is characterized by total dietary fibre (60.62...64.75%), iron (2.31....2.73 mg/100 g), potassium (450.12... 508.45 mg/100 g), calcium (76.32 ....92.44 mg/100 g), magnesium (41.15....55.65 mg/100 g) and total polyphenol content (17.83 ...38.83 mg GAE/g). At the same time, powder achieved from apple waste has antioxidant potential. Due to its complex biochemical composition and antioxidant potential, the functional ingredient achieved from apple waste can be used to fortify bakery and pastry products.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Elemer-Emanuel SUBA, Tudor SĂLĂGEAN, Dumitru ONOSE, Teodor RUSU, Silvia CHIOREAN, Florica MATEI, Ioana POP

This paper aims to determine the areas and the variations of hydrological and hydraulic modeling using modern software’s. As a case study for this paper I considered hydrologic and hydraulic modelling for Maramureş County for a watercourse, using HEC-RAS software. Although current software allows complex mathematical models, we should nevertheless consider the precision of imputed data, which most often affects the outcome. These errors must be identified and considered for a proper decision. It should be noted that no matter how well the work is executed, a hydro-technical project is not fully guaranteed, during its operation, due to major natural phenomenon that can degrade and cause hazards.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Milena MOTEVA

Agricultural land-use planning is a socio-economic process and a combination of technical and economic activities, which streamline and optimize land use according to the industrial, economic and social conditions and to the factors of the environment. By taking control on the agricultural land structure, the state plays a major role in solving problems of land tenure, use of the country’s agricultural potential and environmental protection. The goal of the paper is to reveal the need, objectives and tools of the state intervention in regulation of the agricultural land-use planning. In the paper, the history of regulation of land use and land use planning is traced. The peculiarities of the agricultural land-use planning and its state regulation in the countries under centrally planned economy are revealed. The essence and the objectives of the agricultural land-use planning under free-market economy are outlined. The need of state intervention and its complexity is analyzed and discussed. The major role of the state in the agricultural land-use planning is to ensure a fair territorial basis for implementation land tenure, for agribusiness development, for regulation of land market and land relations and for implementation of environmental protection measures.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Olesea COJOCARU, Valerian CERBARI

The purpose of our research presented in this article is to remedy soil properties through phytotechnical methods by creating a positive balance of carbon, nitrogen, humus and stopping arable degradation processes. The existing system of agriculture in the republic led to the dehumification, destruction, biological degradation of the arable layer and loss of the material's resistance to compacting. The researchers are carried out in the Central and Southern areas of the Republic of Moldova. A phytotechnical process was applied from a mixture of leguminous and grassy perennial herbs in equal proportions (alfalfa + steppe raspberries + vetches), the harvest of which was used as fodder production. As a result, a positive influence on the quality of the degraded arable layer of chernozems was established. Thus, they were returned to the 0-35 cm layer of arable soil of about 25.5 t/ha of absolutely dry organic residues (5.1 t/ha annually with an average nitrogen content of 1.9%)and the synthesis of about 5.5 t/ha of humus (1.1 t/ha annually) was created, the content of organic substance in this layer increased on average by about 0.20% or 0.04% annual.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Valentina ANDRIUCĂ, Olesea COJOCARU, Ion BACEAN, Nicolai CAZMALÎ, Emilian MOCANU, Rodica MELNIC, Lucia MACRII, Oxana POPA

Conservative agricultural system is a generic term utilized to define different modalities or agricultural management practices to land use in view sowing crops. The purpose of this paper is to agrophysics quality assessing and soil moisture by application of the conservative system of soil tillage No-till in Republic of Moldova. Conservation of soil tillage system offers more favorable conditions dense root system of plants (Aon et al., 2001; Barzegar et al., 2004) compared to hoes crops (maize). In this conservative system of work of carbonate chernozem (No-till) occurs water conservation under depth of 60 cm. According to planning for the year 2016 at the experimental resort Chetrosu were founded research polygons with conventional and conservative work of the soil - No-till within the stationary with crop rotation and permanent crop - maize. Crop rotation and research variants for the agricultural years 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 are presented in Table 1. Soil water reserves in the vegetation active phases of the autumn wheat were lower in compacted layers compared to the adjacent horizons (Boincean, 2013; Rusu et al., 2013). To moisture available to plants (17-20%) compared to 12-13% of withering coefficient, soil moisture and penetration resistance negatively correlated (r = 0.6-0.7).

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Magdalena ZRAKIĆ, Ivo GRGIĆ, Miljenko KONJAČIĆ, Branka ŠAKIĆ BOBIĆ, Josip GUGIĆ, Lari HADELAN

Croatian Busha is among the world's smallest cattle breeds and belongs to the group of so called short-horns cattle (Bos brachyeros europeus). Croatian Busha is one of the three autochthonous cattle in Croatia. The number of Busha is constantly decreasing, and one of the possibilities for rescuing the breed is the supply of milk, meat and processed products through agrotourism. The aim of this research is to identify the opinions and attitudes of the respondents about the introduction of Busha's meat and dairy products into the offer of agrotourism. For the research purposes, an on-line survey was conducted on 508 randomly selected respondents. The Busha is relatively unknown to the respondents (59.8%), but has great potential for agrotourism. Most of the respondents (70.5%) agree with the idea of branding Busha’s products to increase their popularity and create additional value to the farm. Potential consumers support Busha as an autochthonous breed with value-added that endorses tradition and support its appearance in Croatian agrotouristic offer.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Olivera ĐURAGIĆ, Ivana ČABARKAPA, Radmilo ČOLOVIĆ

In order to ensure food safety, it is necessary to consider all aspects of the agri-food chain, from the primary agricultural production, including animal feed production to consumer supply, since each of these links in the chain may affect the safety of final products. In the feed production, each unit operation can contribute to the quality and safety risk of feed products. This paper isfocused on the identification and monitoring of critical points in the technological process of feed production, which are usually not covered by the HACCP quality assurance systems. Results of homogeneity and carry over in the critical control points showed that about 25 % of tested feed mills have a problem with residues in the process, which could be potential risk for cross contamination. In the three feed mills level of carry-over was slightly above limits, which may result in the creation of conditions for contamination of the subsequent batch. Additionally, results of the monitoring of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus presence on the surfaces in feed millsshowed that feed factory environment might also represent one of the potential sources of final product contamination. Results showed that 7% of samples were positive to Salmonella sp. and even 50% of samples were positive on other bacterial contaminants. Introducing adequate control system will contribute to the identification of microbiological contaminants at all stages of production chain (feed-animal-foodhuman chain), as well on their prevention, which will have a direct impact on food safety and animal and human health.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 3, Number 2
Written by Akas Pinaringan SUJALU, Ismail, Sigit HARDWINARTO, Chandradewana BOER, Sumaryono

The experiment objectives was to determine cropping patterns of food crop in watershed Karangmumus. The geographical position 116 49' EL - 117 08' EL dan 0 34' SL - 0 45' SL, with extent of the 644.2 km2 whereas covers 8 village or 38.58% of total Samarinda City. Have the Area Class III (1500 – 2000 mm/ year, with the Bimodel or Double Wave rainfall models with C patern. The hight rainfall depth periode at December and April, therefore the low rainfall depth at September and November. Have a value Q=± 9.9%, or rainfall tipe A (very wet area with tropical wet vegetation) and E1 agroclimtic zone. Modified method of Thornthwaite and Mather of bookkeeping system of water balance was used based on monthly data. Water Balance monthly indicated that this area have potential growing season about 9 months, have to water surplus 7 month (478.8 mm year-1) and water deficits about 4 months (44.5 mm/year). In these area rice could be planted twice a year without irrigation. Futher for non-irrigation land with monthly high rainfall, the result showed that the area had potency of growing periods of 182 days through the year. Planting dates might be started from October 1 until December 1, with sequence of rice-rice or rice-rice-other food crops

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Ozlem TONGUC YAYINTAS, Ozlem SOGUT, Sibel KONYALIOGLU, Selehattin YILMAZ, Burcu TEPELİ

Recent pharmacological investigations of bryophytes have proven that the active principles present in these plants are quite unique and having potential chemical application and antioxidant capacity. The mosses of Oxytegius tenuirostris, Eurhynchium striatum W. P. Schimper and Rhynchostegium murale (Hedw.) Schimp. were collected from different locations of Turkey, and dried and exracted with different solvents. Volatiles were isolated from the samples by solid phase microextraction. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify volatile compounds. Antioxidant activities of moss were tested by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH• assay), Trolox equivalent (TEAC) and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) methods. Antioxidant activities were found for mossesas 24.67-67.12 mg/g from chloroform extract, 18.83-35.83 mg/g from ethanol extract, 7.78-46.09 mg/g from methanol extract and 12.56-34.13 mg/g from water extract by DPPH• assay method. Antioxidan activities were found as 562.07-2060.52 mg/g from chloroform extract, 597.44-1765.77 mg/g from ethanol extract, 2506.23-7454.92 mg/g from methanol extract and 676.41-5631.23 mg/g from water extract by Trolox method. Antioxidant activities were found as 9.78-64.60 mg/g from chloroform extract, 5.62-28.37 mg/g from ethanol extract, 4.23-30.54 mg/g from methanol extract and 4.92-27.77 mg/g from water extract by Cuprac method. On the basis of the results it is suggested that the extract of mosses species determined here could be of use as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidant for the treatment

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