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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "AgroLife Journal", Vol. 4 ISSUE 1
Written by Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Liliana Mihaela MOGA, Magda Ioana NENCIU, Gratziela Victoria BAHACIU, Monica Paula MARIN

The total quality principles implementation contributes to the improving in meeting the consumer needs, essential reduction of costs and increasing sales. The total quality is a concept that assures the total satisfaction of clients on the entire distribution chain, including all the actors in this chain. The aquaculture and fisheries are very diverse sectors which use different breeding and fishing technologies and provide a wide variety of specific products. This induces a real complexity of the supply and distribution chain for fish and fishery products, including the links from the production point (fishery or farm) to the final consumer. The components of the distribution chain differ with the geographic areas, type of farms, transportation, information on the fishery market and management systems. Implementing the total food quality system for fishery products involves the quality specification in all marketing stages for all products, along the entire distribution chain. The present work was focused on identifying the distribution chain for fish and fishery products with the identification of the specificity of this type of chain form farm to end consumer, which is the first step in the implementation of total quality concept in aquaculture, with all the benefits that come with it.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Adrian ASĂNICĂ, Elena DELIAN, Valerica TUDOR, Răzvan Ionuț TEODORESCU

Nowadays, blueberries are one of the most appreciated and fast increasing consumption worldwide. The industrial sector is ready to answer to the consumers’ expectations including all year round fresh fruits and better quality. In respect to this opportunity, we tried to find solutions to extend the harvest period of the Northern highbush blueberry. Three varieties were selected for the experiment: 'Bluetta’ as a very early cultivar, 'Coville’ for middle season and 'Elliott’ as late ripening cultivar. The containerized plants were placed in the spring of 2016 in a solar covered with three types of plastic films (yellow, diffused and clear) in order to emphasize the best coverage material for our purpose. As control, same number of plants/variety was settled down outdoor in the field conditions. To assess the particularities of growing and fructification of blueberry varieties under these circumstances, we have made several measurements of the main physiological processes as follows: photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, respiration rate, stomatal conductance and internal carbon dioxide. The content of the chlorophyll and carotenoids was also evaluated according to the experimental model. The photosynthetic capacity of the blueberry plants in all of the phenological period swas decreased by the plastic film coverage. Plant’s respiration was more intense in June compared to July or September. 'Bluetta’ variety was highlighted by very fast growing plantsdue to a higher photosynthetic rate recorded. The yellow plastic film significantly decreased the content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids in the leaves of blueberry varieties. Indoor conditions and protective films anticipated the fruit maturation and delay the last harvest till end of the autumn proving as an efficient way to extend the harvest period of the blueberries.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Süleyman KIZIL, Khalid Mahmood KHAWAR

Turkey, with important cultural heritage and rich history and enormous plant diversityhas poor agricultural practices that are making difficult to conserve many of the endemic local plant taxon. The soil conservation practices are not sufficient as the farming practices are more often sowing of soil depleting rather conserving. Allium tuncelianum (Kollman) Ozhatay, Matthew & S iranecivernacular “Tuncelisarõmsağõ” is an endemic specie of garlic native to the Eastern Anatolian province Tunceli, where temperate climate is dominant and the people in general and farmers in particular are not well aware of good farming practices. There is need to develop and introduce more new practical propagation and multiplication approaches for its conservation at naturalhabitat and outside without endangering surrounding environment. This study reports effect of four planting densities andintra-row spacingon some agronomical characteristics of A. tuncelianum yield and some agronomic characteristics. The study was carried under warm semi-arid ecological climatic conditions of Southeast Anatolia ensuring minimum soil depletion effects on the environment. Yield components like plant height, leaf length, leaf width, bulb diameter, flower inflorescence, bulb weight and number of scales onbulb changedsignificantly with range of 101.3-115.8 cm, 37.2-40.4 cm, 2.55-1.61 cm, 3.47-3.85 cm, 8.90-8.87 cm, 36.0-48.1 g and 1.67-1.71 respectively. These values did not show a significant difference with the yield component values at original habitat of the plant at Tunceli. The results of the study are very encouraging and suggest that the plant has large and increased plasticity with easy tolerance and adjustment for differences in climatic without significant loss in yield.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Benon GAZIŃSKI

An attempt of this article is to review the system transformation and the European integration in Poland and their impact on agriculture and rural development. In the first part, the transformation of the economic and political system is briefed from a perspective of turbulent Polish history during last 100 years. It is pointed out that a deep recast, enforced since 1989, replaced the “socialist” regime as emerged in late 1940s and covered the very nature of the political system and the national economy. Then, the author deals with the performance of Polish agriculture under the framework of “socialist” Centrally Planned Economy. The unique feature of Polish agriculture is explained - maintaining a dominant position of the peasant sector in a (hostile) collectivized environment of the national economy. From such a context, the system transformation is described. In a concluding part, the performance of agriculture is outlined in the context of the EU association and the membership. The CAP measures and the support from the EU budget for agriculture and rural development is outlined. It is depicted that, Polish agriculture can successfully compete on the inner EU market as is demonstrated by the position of the leading net-exporter of the food in the region. Some conclusions are formulated and development trends are briefed, covering both advantages and shortages of the undergoing processes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "AgroLife Journal", Vol. 4 ISSUE 1
Written by Alexandru-Marian CHIPER

In the last 50 years, at global level, the industry, agriculture, transport infrastructure and services have gone through a long process of transformation, both of intensive as well as extensive nature. The mutations occurred due to the demographic duplication and also social structure changing, this fast development was supported by the research and technological progress. Of course, the other side of the picture is the massive pollution, with serious consequences for the environment and in chain negative effects, at planetary level. If at first these phenomena had not a major interest for the scientific community, today they represent an area of major interest for the quantitative research, sometimes being a matter of interdisciplinary dispute, but often a factor of synergy, political, legal, technical and of course scientific. In this article we summarize the main national and international policies to adapt to the effects of climate changes and to reduce their impact on the agriculture and environment, through presenting the main legislative measures and the existing operational plans, formulated according the research results in this area. At the same time, this paper addresses to the agriculture specialists and officials from the administrative sphere, in order to identify and reduce the effects of this phenomenon over the agriculture and environment.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Tatjana JOVANOVIC-CVETKOVIC, Nikola MICIC, Gordana DJURIC, Miljan CVETKOVIC

The indigenous cultivars Žilavka and Blatina of V. vinifera are of the greatest economic importance for wine production in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In vineyards, the grape productivity of Žilavka is normal while that of Blatina is extremely low. The objective of this work was to study the pollen morphology of V. vinifera cvs. Žilavka and Blatina using scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grain of Žilavka showed three furrows, but acolporated (without furrows or pores) pollen grains were observed in Blatina. Pollen germination in Žilavka was satisfactory, whereas Blatina pollen lacked the capacity to germinate. The present research is a contribution to amore detailed analysis of major grapevine cultivars in the Balkans.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Doru-Gabriel EPURE, Marius BECHERITU, Cristian-Florinel CIOINEAG

The main objective of the study was to validate the use of canopy temperature depression (CTD) as a rapid early generation screening tool for drought tolerance in wheat breeding. CTD was measured at 3 drought sites in Romania (Valu lui Traian, Modelu, Drăgăneşti-Vlaşca) on F6. Measurements of chlorophyll content (CHL) on F6 individual plants showed significant correlations with yield. Since a reliable yield estimate requires a plot approximately three times bigger than that needed for an estimate of CTD and CHL, the use of these methods instead of yield estimates may be considerably more efficient. Using alone either CTD or CHL could not provide enough data for drought resistant selection on winter wheat lines. Alternatively, both yield and CTD and CHL could be combined in a selection index as a more powerful indicator of drought tolerance. During the analysed period of three years, the climatic conditions were very different from one year to another. Forty-five lines of winter wheat in two repetition have been used for experiments, conducted in 3 locations in south of Romania. The study shows that genotype with high CTD values are correlated with high CHL values, but has lower drought tolerance. The lines with lower CTD values and high CHL values represent genotypes with high yield on drought conditions.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Galia PANAYOTOVA, Svetla KOSTADINOVA, Neli VALKOVA, Lubov PLESKUTA

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, yield, earliness and quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar Darmi, grown in Chirpan, Bulgaria. The cotton was grown during 2007-2010 in crop-rotation with durum wheat under non-irrigated conditions. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Single and combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in rates 0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg.ha-1 were tested. Values were established for the September and total seedcotton yield, earliness, lint percentage, number of bolls per plant, boll size, plant height, 1000 seeds weight, fibre length. Under the influence of N fertilization the total yield increased with 10.0- 23.1% compared to the control and under phosphorous fertilization - with 1.4- 6.6% (P120). Productivity increased most under combined fertilization N120-160 P40-80 - 27.7-36.3% more than the unfertilised with a very good share of the September yield. The increase of nitrogen rates decreased earliness with 4.2% (N120) to the check. Average for the 20-year period a high effective yield was formed under moderate N rates combined with low to moderate P levels, whereat the cotton yield increased with 17.8- 24.4%. The fertilization significantly increased the height of the plant, boll number (55.6% over control) and boll weight (21.8% more). There was a tendency for decrease in lint percentage with the increase of fertilization rate. No significant changes were found in terms of fiber length and it ranged within 23.76-25.05 mm.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Paula Steliana DOBRE, Aurel GIURA, Călina Petruța CORNEA

The genetic progress towards quality and productivity improvement was and still remains a major concern in wheat breeding as generally these traits are negatively correlated. Consequently, any additional useful variability identification could contribute to attain this goal. Besides natural variability, exploitation by classical hybridization method, artificial mutagenesis can also be used to generate a different and new genetic variability. The special advantages of induced mutation are that variants with desired traits can often be produced in high frequencies, in a short time, in a chosen genetic background without disrupting the original genetic constitution of the crop. By using DH technology it become possible to perform a rapid and easier selection for desired plant type and, particularly for traits controlled through recessive alleles that constitute the greatest majority of genetic variability produced by irradiation with gamma rays. Many studies have demonstrated the role of thousand kernel weight traits in expression of productivity parameters and the protein content in expression of quality parameters in the wheat gene pool. In this paper is briefly described a study regarding protein content, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and volumetric mass (VM) variability generated by using a specific mutagenic protocol consisting in recurrent irradiation, hybridization and DHtechnology.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "AgroLife Journal", Vol. 4 ISSUE 1
Written by Iulia CAPRIAN

In this paper, the author presents results of scientific researches on the problems which farmers of the Republic of Moldova are facing in the field of risk management and insurance. In conclusion, the author formulates recommendations on farm managers’ opportunities to benefit from subsidized insurance, but also some recommendations resulting from the research of the experience of other countries from the European Union aimed to ensure the entrepreneurial risks in agricultural entities.

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