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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Rodica CATANĂ, Irina HOLOBIUC, Monica MITOI

Gentiana lutea is known as one of the most valuable medicinal plant, most of the chemical compounds being synthesized in the roots. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties based on total phenolic content, flavonoids concentration and reducing capacity of the extracts from in vitro differentiated roots of the protected plant species G. lutea. Explants represented by leaf and root fragments originated in a six years old culture of somatic embryos, were inoculated on liquid and solid nutritive Murashige & Skoog media variant supplemented with mannitol. 3% mannitol in liquid media was able to induce the best result concerning number of roots and root length, but a higher antioxidant capacity correlated with flavonoids oncntraation was founded in the root cultures induced on solid medium variant. A viable method for root culture should be use for improving the biomass of the gentian and exploitation of the secondary metabolites. In this way, the protection of the endangered species is ensured.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Hendronoto Arnoldus Walewangko LENGKEY, Dani GARNIDA, Jan Alex SIWI, Primiani EDIANINGSIH, Eka WULANDARI, Andry PRATAMA

A study about the effect of carrageenan addition, on shelf-life and quality improvement and organoleptic qualities, chemical of spent chicken sausages, was carried out with objectives to assess the right percentage of carrageenan using in manufacturing spent chickens sausages. Different factors during processing have an impact on shelf-life, quality characteristics and organoleptic of final product. Using of spent chickens in further processing, are popular in some countries. Chicken sausages considered as very popular and highly consumed in many countries. Fresh spent chickens sausages were manufactured using some concentration of carrageenan (0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%). This work used an experimental, with completely randomized design 4 x 5 (CRD), with 4(four) different percentage of carrageenan, and 5 (five) replications. The effect of pH, moisture and tenderness on the physical, chemical and sensory quality, also about total bacteria and the initial decay of sausages was studied. Samples were analyzed immediately (day zero after manufactured) in room temperature. Results indicated that the moisture and tenderness has significance results, but the sausage pH were not significant between the treatments; and the total bacteria and initial decay also were significant. The conclusion is, that the carrageenan addition has improved the quality, organoleptic and shelf-life of spent chicken sausages. It could be concluded from this work that the tough culled layer hen meat, by value-addition with carrageenan, and processing as sausage, can be converted into an acceptable product.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Rosalie BĂLĂCEANU, Liliana STOICA, Marian GHIŢĂ, Laurenț OGNEAN, Ionuţ NEGOIŢĂ, Nicolae DOJANĂ

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fibre and starch dietary levels on the blood parameters of post-weaning rabbits. A control group was fed a post-weaning, growing rabbit diet containing 138 g/kg dry matter (DM) crude fibre and 168 g/kg DM starch. Three rabbit groups were fed diets with 147, 156, or 164 g/kg of DM crude fibre, and three groups were fed diets having 190, 223, or 247 g/kg DM starch. The experiment started with six weekold rabbits and lasted 28 days. Blood glucose levels were, on average, 7% lower in the groups fed fibre-enriched diets (P = 0.048) and 10% higher in the rabbit groups fed starch-enriched diets than in the control. The higher the dietary level for fibre and starch diets, the greater the deviation from normal in glucose levels. Total protein levels were not significantly modified, excepting a 13% increase in the globulin fraction of fibre and starch-diet fed groups and a subsequent decrease (8.3% and, respectively 13.8%) in the albumin/globulin ratio, but no differences according to the level of fibre or starch. Compared to the control, blood urea was 17% lower and 10% higher in rabbits fed the high crude fibre high starch diets respectively. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase showed relatively steady activity regardless of diet. The fibre diet levels were positively correlated with protein (r = 0.87) and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.78), but negatively correlated with glucose (r = −0.72), urea (r = −0.91) and triglycerides (r = −0.78). Contrastingly, dietary starch levels correlated positively with triglycerides (r = 0.92) and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.86). A negligible relationship was found between cholesterol and fibre (r = 0.15) or starch (r = 0.01) enriched diets.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Lovita ADRIANI, Pandu NUGRAHA, Monica MARIN

The research has been conducted from January 30 to March 7, 2017. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of addition of fermented milk, fermented soy milk, and the combination, as well as the influential composition to creatinine and blood glucose levels on broiler. The method used is experimental, with a complete random design. There are seven treatments, T1 = without treatment, T2 = milk granted, T3 = fermented milk granted, T4 = fermented soy milk granted, T5 = fermented milk and fermented soy milk granted with ratio 1:1, T6 = fermented milk granted LA + B 1.25%, T7 = fermented milk granted LA + B, 2% dose with four times repetition. Each unit has five farm animals, so the total is 140 broiler chicken, 1-35 days old. Based on the statistic analysis calculation, the effect of granting fermented milk, fermented soy milk, and the combination has a significant effect (P<0.05) to decrease creatinine levels and does not have a significant effect (P>0.05) to decrease blood glucose levels in broiler. The conclusion is by granting fermented milk combined with fermented soy milk with ratio 1:1 can decrease creatinine levels, but does not decrease blood glucose levels in broiler.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Mehdi GHASEM BAGLOU, Firouz NAMI, Saeid KHOMARI, Mohammad SEDGHI

In order to examine the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer value and its splitting during the growth period on morphological traits and essence rate of Maticaria chamomilla L. in spring cultivation in Tabriz, Iran, a factorial, random wholeblock experiment was conducted in triplicates during cultivating year 2009-2010 in Research and Promotive Farm of Basmenj Agriculture Research Center. The treatments in this experiment include three rates of nitrogenous fertilizer 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha along with control one and fertilizing time in four three-phase splitting (b1) 100 percent at cultivation phase, zero at the beginning of flowering, and zero at the middle of flowering, (b2) 50 percent at cultivation phase, 50 percent at the beginning of flowering, and zero at the middle flowering, (b3) 25 percent at cultivation phase, 50 percent at the beginning of flowering, and 25 percent at the middle of flowering, and (b4) zero at cultivation, 100 percent at the beginning of flowering, and zero at the middle of flowering. In general, the results of experiment indicate that, splitting procedure of nitrogenous fertilizer does not have significant effects on the number of pedicle stem diameter, bush height, number of lateral stems, and tiller number. Regarding the effect of nitrogen consumption level on measured traits in the present research, it was determined that, total traits were affected by different levels of nitrogen (on probability 5%). The review of mutual effect between splitting procedure and different levels of nitrogenous fertilizer on essence rate and essence weight of Matricaria chamomilla L. was meaningful, so that, the highest essence weight was obtained in third treatment and by using 150 kg/ha net nitrogen and also highest rate of essence was related to third treatment with 150kg/ha net nitrogen. Therefore, based on the results of the present research, it appears that the cultivation of Matricaria chamomilla L. along with consumption of 150 kg/ha net nitrogen is suitable in climatic conditions of Tabriz through splitting procedure including 25 percent at cultivation, 50 percent at the beginning of flowering and 25 percent at the middle of flowering. It is expected that the maximum yield of Matricaria chamomilla L. is obtained under conditions of Tabriz along with consumption of nitrogenous fertilize lower than 150 kg/ha

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Mihaela POPA, Gabriel Florin ANTON, Luxiţa RÎȘNOVEANU, Elena PETCU, Narcisa BĂBEANU

Grain oil content and fatty acid composition are very important traits in sunflower. A research was carried on in 2014 and 2016 to determine planting date and climatic conditions effects on oil content and fatty acid composition, using three sunflower hybrids (F 708, F 911, FD 15 C 44). Samples of seeds were harvested at maturity and provided from experimental field conducted in two years at NARDI Fundulea, Romania. The oil content and fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds were determined and analyzed using a Soxhlet apparatus and gas chromatography according to the conventional method. The results of experiment and analyses described in this paper showed that the planting date interact with climatic conditions and affect both the quantity and the quality of the seeds yield. Climatic conditions was the main source of variance for the yield. The oil content in sunflower seeds was very significantly affected by year, planting date and hybrids, as well as by most interactions between these factors. The early planting date in both years led to an increase of grain oil content in all studied sunflower hybrids. The results showed that there was a significant negative effect of 2014 conditions (low rainfall during seed maturation) on the oleic acid concentration in all studied sunflower hybrids. The delay in planting decreased the concentration of oleic acid and increased linoleic acid concentration in all sunflower hybrids, except hybrid F 708, which is more stable in this regard. It is concluded that rainfall, genotype and planting date influenced yield and fatty acid composition from seeds.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "AgroLife Journal", Vol. 4 ISSUE 1
Written by Ulas SENYIGIT, Riza KANBER, Atef HAMDY

The research was carried out at Research and Production Farm of Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University during 1996 and 1997 growing season. In this experiment, different irrigation methods (S: Sprinkler; D: Drip), nitrogen forms (L: Liquid; G: Granule) with various amounts (based on applied line source sprinkler irrigation method, N1; N2; N3 kg/da) and two varieties of watermelon (P: Paladin; M: Madera) were studied. Free water surface evaporation was used to determine irrigation water amount. In only SL and SGL treatments, three different nitrogen levels were formed providing gradient situation during the irrigation season. Based on the results, irrigation water ranged from 119.2 mm (first year) to 350.5 mm (second year). Nitrogen applications varied from 5.1 kg da-1 (SL) to 10 kg da-1 (SG) in the all treatments. Total yield changed between 1325 kg da-1 (first year) and 5013 kg da-1 (second year) depending on year and treatments. Although, the highest yield was taken from treatments in which liquid fertilizers were applied for both of the varieties in the first year. The varieties have different response to form and amounts of nitrogen in the second year. In this year, the highest yield was obtained from SG treatment in Paladin variety. The yield decreased only by 12% in SL treatments that nitrogen was applied in liquid form. In Madera variety, the highest yield was taken from SGL treatments that granule and liquid fertilizer were applied together. The effects of irrigation methods and nitrogen levels on some quality parameters of watermelon were found to be insignificant (P>0.05). However, fruit diameter of Madera was larger than Paladin variety. The longest fruit length was measured in Paladin-DL treatment. As a result, it was determined that watermelon yield was increased by nitrogen which was applied through irrigation water. Therefore, it could be said that watermelon yield increased considerably with applying nitrogen together with irrigation water in each irrigation application

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Laura ȘMULEAC, Florin IMBREA, Ioana CORODAN, Anișoara IENCIU, Adrian ȘMULEAC, Dan MANEA

Under current conditions, the water resource at planetary level has become increasingly expensive because of human pressure. Therefore, maintaining drinking water quality is increasingly important. In this paper, the authors present the influence of human activities on the River Somes (Romania). It has been studied mainly as water quality indices. Within the Somes-Tisa basin, the authors identified 41 potentially polluting industrial sources in the following fields of activity: mining (decantation ponds, mining dumps) and urban and industrial waste management. Thus, the authors analysed the best pollution parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen consumption, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, total nitrogen, chromium, calcium, and magnesium. As a result of effected analyses, it can be observed a charge of nitrites and chlorides, and the presence of pollution phenomenon is showed by the high values of nitrites and biochemical oxygen consumption. Analyses were carried out over three years, 2014-2016. Quality classes increased from 2014 to 2016 because pollution decreased due to the lack of connection of the households to the waste water system in 2013-2014. Research analyses show that the water from the River Somes tends to maintain its quality; however, surface waters tend to be polluted and they are slightly influenced by human activities.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Vasile FLORIAN, Teodora FLORIAN, Loredana SUCIU, Carmen PUIA

This paper aims to quantify the attack of Pseudomonas syringe pv glycinea in ecological conditions in Transylvania but also in different cultural conditions. Thus, observations were made regarding the frequency of attack of these bacteria in three soybean varieties, sown at different distances (25, 12.5, 50 cm). The attack of the bacterium was influenced by the soybean sowing distance. The attack frequency of this pathogen was between 9 and 25%. The lowest value of the attack was recorded in the Caro variety in the case of the 12.5 cm between rows.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Nihal KAYAN, İmren KUTLU, Nazife Gözde AYTER

The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal tillage methods and N levels in a wheat-chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), wheat-fallow and wheat monoculture in dry farming areas. In this study, two tillage methods (conventional and reduced tillage), three crop rotations (wheat-wheat; wheat-fallow; wheat-chickpea) and four N levels (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1) were evaluated in Central Anatolia Region for 4 year. The experimental design was split-split-plot with three replicates. Tillage methods were in main plots, crop rotations in subplots and N levels in sub-sub plots. Conventional tillage methods resulted in higher grain yield compared to reduced tillage. Four years is certainly not long enough to reveal the full effects of the crop rotation, but wheat-chickpea rotation provided an alternative to wheat-fallow cropping system in the region. Increasing nitrogen doses increased plant height, head length, biological yield and grain yield. Results also indicated that; using conventional tillage with wheat-chickpea rotation and 100 to 150 N kg ha-1 for wheat would be recommended for wheat production in the region.

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