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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Iulia Dana NEGULA, Alexandru BADEA, Cristian MOISE, Violeta POENARU

The Earth Observation (EO) satellite data provided within the Copernicus Programme supports the monitoring and sustainable management of agriculture. For example, satellite data are useful for agriculture mapping, crop health monitoring, land planning, disease mitigation, crop yields estimation, precise agriculture, and sustainable irrigation water management. The identification of non-authorised water abstractions for irrigation is of high importance since the drought phenomenon is increasingly in the past decades due to climate change. This aspect is addressed by DIANA – “Detection and Integrated Assessment of Non-authorised water Abstractions using EO", a project funded by the European Commission in the frame of H2020 (European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation). The project will integrate data acquired by the Sentinel missions (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3) and as well Landsat and MODIS. Other types of data (meteorological, land use/land cover, digital elevation models, soil, etc.) will support the satellite data processing and the generation of value-added products. In addition, the project aims at significantly improve the monitoring and assessment of the water management policies and practices. As the project is in its initial phase, the results presented in this article are preliminary. The project will demonstrate the relevance of EO data for sustainable agriculture management and will bring societal and environmental benefits to the end users.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Nicolae IONESCU, Aurelian PENESCU, Pompiliu CHIRILĂ

Being a plant with considerable agronomic qualities, soybean returns to farmers attention (Dencescu et al.,1982b; Ionescu, 1985). Indeed the new varieties have improved by characters: high production potential, quality and constantly over time (Gallais & Bennerot, 1992). In exchange for use of these qualities are needed informations about how to adapt plants in different ecological areas (Giosan et al., 1986). Given white luvicsoil in South the plant finds a good regime of sufficient rainfall and temperature (Ionescu et al., 1986; 1994). Against this background proved to be important the specific crop system. 2.0-3.0 t.ha-1 yields were obtained while during the filling of the grains fell 150-200 mm water. During the growing season of 100-140 days have accumulated 1200-14000C temperatures above 100C. Among during the growing season and grain production achieved a positive correlation (r=0.591***) so that varieties with higher period during the growing season formed the best production. Plant morphology: size, number of pods per plant and grains were positively correlated with grain yield. Negative correlations were obtained between the thousand grains weight-TGW with production of grains, TGW with grain number per plant and between fat content with the content of crude protein of the grain. Production levels achieved over the years has been between 1.06 and 3.49 t.ha-1 like limits. Among the crop items highlighted technological density peaks at 60-80 seeds.sq.m-1.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Junjie FENG, Xiuqiao HUANG, Zhong DENG, Yanhui JIA, Jiumao CAI, Qian CHENG, Hongxia ZHANG

Based on loam soil in different design density 1.4 g/cm3, 1.5 g/cm3, 1.6 g/cm3, we had done the test of the changes relationship between the soil containing water and the soil water potential, and analyzed the soil water potential trends of the loam soil in the design of different bulk density. The results show that the value of loam soil water potential is in the range of 57 to 140 kpa under the same soil containing water (gravimetric water content 12.5%) and the design of three soil bulk density, and present that the greater the soil bulk density, the smaller the soil water potential. The changing range of them is in trend of decreasing. All of these experimental studies will be benefit to choose the suitable discharge of the dripper for drip irrigation system, and make full use of the natural energy of the soil water potential, using it as the control index of irrigation system. At the same time, these results can provides a theoretical basis further for researching on the crop root zone soil moisture migration regularity and determining the optimal soil moisture environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "AgroLife Journal", Vol. 4 ISSUE 1
Written by Teodor RUSU, Ileana BOGDAN, Doru Ioan MARIN, Paula Ioana MORARU, Adrian Ioan POP, Bogdan Matei DUDA

Conservative soil tillage (minimum tillage and no-tillage) are considered among the most important components of conservation agriculture. Their research and extension was imposed especially in hilly areas with specific problems of desertification (erosion, drought) as bioremedial measures. Our research follows the effects of the three tillage systems: conventional systems, minimum tillage and no-tillage on soil properties (bulk density, penetration resistance, temperature and moisture, soil respiration) and on the production of wheat, maize and soybean, obtained on an Argic Faeoziom from the Somes Plateau. Average soil bulk density grows, compared to the conventional system (1.20-1.24 g/cm3), in all variants with minimum tillage (1.22-1.32 g/cm3); the highest growth is recorded at no-tillage, being 1.35- 1.38 g/cm3 with statistically significant positive differences. Soil moisture increases in all variants with minimum and no-tillage with different percentages, ranging from 1-15% v/v, compared to the conventional system. This is also reflected in the values of resistance to penetration. Tillage appeared to affect the timing rather than the total amount of CO2 production: the daily average is lower at no-tillage (315-1914 mmoles m-2s-1), followed by minimum tillage (318- 2395 mmoles m-2s-1) and is higher in the conventional system (321-2480 mmoles m-2s-1). Productions obtained at minimum tillage and no-tillage did not have significant differences for the wheat culture but were higher for soybean. The differences in crop yields were recorded at maize and can be a direct consequence of loosening, mineralization and intensive mobilization of soil fertility

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Cristinel Vasile PANAITE, Rodica Diana CRISTE, Dumitru DRAGOTOIU, Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Margareta OLTEANU

The EU produces more than 190 million tons of meat, milk and eggs. About 450 million tons of feeds/year are needed to support this production in the 28 EU member states. Research and innovation in animal feeding and in feed manufacturing technology are basic for the support of animal production in the EU, being the most profitable investment for this industrial sector. One of the problems with market demands regards the economic efficiency of the production, which involves diet formulations and choosing feed ingredients. Fibre-high feed ingredients can decrease the cost of feeding because of their lower costs compared to the conventional raw materials used in poultry diets. The paper reports the findings of a study on the effect of higher dietary crude fibre levels given to replacement pullets on their subsequent performance. A feeding trial was conducted on 240 Lohmann Brown pullets (9-16 weeks). The pullets have been assigned randomly to four groups (C, E1, E2, and E3), with 60 pullets per group, housed in an experimental hall under controlled environmental conditions. The diets for the four groups were characterized by 14.5% CP and 2800 kcal/kg ME. Compared to the diet for group C (5% fibre/kg compound feed, CF), the experimental diets had different levels of dietary fibre, given by the different amounts of dietary alfalfa: 6% fibre/kg CF (E1), 8% fibre/kg CF (E2), and 10% fibre/kg CF (E3), in combination with 2 enzymatic products that improve fibre digestibility (Biozim M6000 and Digestarom). The production parameters (feed intake, body weight, weight gain and animal welfare) were monitored throughout the experimental period. The experimental results have shown that feeding pullets (9-16 weeks) with compound feeds high in fibre (6% - E1; 8% - E2 and 10% - E3), didn’t affect the growth parameters. The positive results compared to group C were recorded for group E2 (8% dietary fibre). The average live weight of E2 pullets (1419.5±97.76g GV) was significantly (P≤0.5) higher (by 4.65%) compared to group C pullets (1356.33±110.64 g LW). The live weight of E2 pullets also was 6.73% higher compared to the values stated in the Lohmann Brown management guide (1330.00 g LW).

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Rodica Diana CRISTE, Tatiana Dumitra PANAITE, Cristina TABUC, Mihaela SĂRĂCILĂ, Cristina ȘOICA, Margareta OLTEANU

The study used 96 day-old Cobb 500 chicks, weighed individually and housed in an experimental hall with 320C constant temperature and 23 h light regimen. During the starter stage (1-14 days), all chicks received a conventional diet formulation with sodium monensin (50 g/kg premix). During the growth stage (14-35 days), when the actual feeding trial started, the chicks were weighed, assigned to three groups (32 chicks/group) and housed in the same experimental hall. Throughout the experimental period, the temperature was maintained at 320C, humidity 36%, 23 h light regimen. Like in the starter stage, the chicks had free access to the water and feed. Compared to the diet formulation for the control group (C), conventional formulation, with monensin in the premix, the formulations for the experimental groups included 2% dry oregano (E1), or 2% rosehip powder (E2), but no monensin in the premix. Throughout the experimental period were monitored the bodyweight and the intake. At the end of the feeding trial, 6 chicks from each group were slaughtered in order to make measurements of the relative weight of carcass cuts and internal organs of broilers. Samples of intestinal content were collected for bacteriological assessment (determination of the Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and Lactic acid bacteria). Throughout the entire experimental period (14-35 days), the average daily feed intake was significantly higher in group C than in groups E1 and E2, but the average daily weight gain and the feed conversion ratio were not different among the three groups. The dietary phytoadditives given the broiler chicks reared under heat stress (320C) had a favourable action in maintaining the health of the intestinal tract, by preserving the balance of the populations of microorganisms colonizing the intestine. Throughout the experimental weeks under heat stress no mortalities were recorded in any of the three groups.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 2
Written by Adrian George PETICILĂ, Roxana Maria MADJAR, Gina VASILE SCĂEȚEANU, Adrian ASĂNICĂ

Recently, kiwifruit consumption increased significantly, having in view its high nutritive and medicinal values. As consequence, the development and expansion of the kiwifruit industry has led to an increasing need for propagation material. The kiwifruit can be efficiently propagated under certain circumstances (proper substrate, hormonal rooting treatments) by hardwood cuttings, the most accessible methods for vegetative propagation for many horticultural crops. Our study presents the results of investigations on the effects of some rhizogene treatments (Radistim, naphtylacetic acid (NAA) 2000 ppm, beta-indolyl butyric acid (IBA) 2000 ppm and a mixture of NAA+IBA 1000 ppm) on root performance of hardwood cuttings for Actinidia deliciosa (AD20, Hayward, Katiuscia, Kramer, Tomuri) and Actinidia arguta (Francesca, Jumbo) species grown on a substrate composed from sand and perlite. It was developed a bifactorial experiment where "a" factor was kiwi cultivar/hybrid and "b" factor was the applied treatment represented by different rhizogene compounds. The efficiency of hardwood cutting under various hormonal rooting treatments was quantified by rooting percentage, number of formed roots, roots lengths (cm/cutting). The best rooting parameters were found when NAA+IBA 1000 ppm solution was used for Actinidia deliciosa (Hayward): rooting percentage was 73.1%, number of formed roots 17.2 and root length was evaluated as 19.3 cm/cutting.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Małgorzata SZCZEPANEK, Elżbieta WSZELACZYŃSKA, Jarosław POBEREŻNY

Either increasing pressure of biotic and abiotic factors along with growing demand for the grains intended for fodder or edible purposes induce attempts to look for alternative elements of cultivation technology for supporting plant growth and yield. Among natural growth stimulation methods, a considerable role can be played by biostimulants. The three-year field experiment, located in Poland (53°13’N; 17°51’E) with spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. was conducted to assess the response of grain yield, yield components as well as the content and uptake of N, P and K in grain to various methods of seaweed biostimulant application. The different times (developmental phases of wheat) and doses of biostimulant Kelpak (Ecklonia maxima Osbeck) application were tested. This biostimulant contains phytohormones: auxins and cytokinins (11 and 0.031 mg l-1, respectively). Preparation was applied in a single dose of 2 l/ha at BBCH 22 or in a dose of 2 l/ha at BBCH 31, as well as two-times, 1.5 l/ha each, in both mentioned phases (sequential treatment). The study indicated that the biostimulant Kelpak had a favourable effect on the root weight, the number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield of spring wheat, in sequential treatment. This method for biostimulant application also resulted in increase in the content and uptake of P and K in wheat grain in comparison with the control. Favourable response of the grain yield and nutrient uptake gives grounds for recommendations of sequential application of seaweed biostimulant Kelpak for spring wheat.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Abun, Tuti WIDJASTUTI, Kiki HAETAMI

The shell and head of shrimp is a waste material whose protein content is constrained by its content of chitin (15-20%) making it difficult to digest. The objective of this research was to determine the optimum time required for different microbes bioprocess shrimp waste in order to improve nutrient availability, protein digestibility, and metabolizable energy of these materials in native chickens. Experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design with three microbial treatments and bioprocessing times. Data were statistically analyzed for variance using a Duncan’s Multiple Range test. Shrimp waste materials were treated with each microbe sequentially over time (W) as follows: W1, Bacillus licheniformis (Bl) + Lactobacillus sp. (Ls.) + Saccharomyces cereviseae (Sc), each for 1 d; W2 = Bl+ Ls+ Sc, each for 2 d; W3 = Bl+ Ls+ Sc, each for 3 d. Bioprocessed products of shrimp waste materials were used as a nutrient concentrate in diets of native chickens (crude protein). The optimal crude protein content at W2 of the bioprocessed product was 48.5%, while extract ether, calcium, and phosphorous levels were 7.81%, 7.57%, and 3.14%, respectively. The highest protein digestibility obtained from the best nutrient (W2) with value 72.91%; the best of metabolizable energy of these materials was 2613.90 kcal/kg.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Ahmet Onder USTUNDAG, Mursel OZDOGAN

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, psychrotropic, facultative anaerobic pathogen and it is the etiological agent of listeriosis, a severe foodborne disease of major public health concern. Listeria monocytogenes has high ability to adapt adverse condition. Therefore, the control of Listeria monocytogenes in foods and feeds is very difficult. N this purpose, organic acids and bacteriocins have been used for many years in preservation of foods against pathogen contamination. In this considering, it was aimed to determine the effects of bacteriocin, organic acid, and mixtures of them on the Listeria monocytogenes in this study. Feeds were divided into six experimental groups that consist of control, 150 mg/kg bacteriocin (B150), 300 mg/kg bacteriocin (B300), 3g/kg organic acid (OA), 150 mg/kg bacteriocin + 3 g/kg organic acid (B150+OA) and 300 mg/kg bacteriocin + 3 g/kg organic acid (B300+OA). Listeria monocytogenes cultures were added by spraying on feed samples in sterile bags and were counted by inoculating onto agars at 0, 7, 15, 21 and 28 days. At the end of this study, bacteriocin and organic acid supplementations have been found to have positive effects on Listeria monocytogenes contamination. But the best antilisterial effects was achieved by combined use of bacteriocin and organic acid.

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