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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "AgroLife Journal", Vol. 4 ISSUE 1
Written by Nicolae IONESCU, Florian TRASCA, Pompiliu CHIRILA, Gina MINCA, Maria VOICA, Sorin IONESCU

Along with cereals, sunflower is species which has seen a significant expansion in plant structure on a farm (Brad, 1990). The economic advantages of this are important (Hera et al., 1989), and by creating new hybrids are always looking for the potential to be as their genetic filled in. A lot of the new hybrids have also a good resistance for drought seasons (Pârjol et al., 1971). In the paper there was a prospect of these new genetic possibilities in terms white luvicsoil of southern territory (Ionescu et al., 1983). Were experienced three times of sowing, three densities and three hybrids in recent years. The period studied included a very dry year (2012), a favorable year (2013) and a middle one (2014). Of all the factors, the greatest influence was a time of sowing, respectively were observed large losses of grain production by delaying sowing (Bîlteanu, 1993). The time in which most hybrids produced very well was 1 to 30 April. All hybrids sown in May produced significantly negative do to drought conditions (Vrânceanu, 1974). Density had only positive influence in medium climatic environment (Holliday, 1960; Robinson et al, 1980) and less in the very favorable one. In the background of very dry, high densities (50 and 70 plants.ha-1) grain yield formation disfavored. Investigated hybrids with high production potential, behaved rather differently, because their reaction for experiment factors was less obvious. Therefore, new hybrids Sandrina, Flornil and the latest F. 911 and F. 708 alongside Favorit is recommended for cultivation in southern white luvicsoil conditions.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Nicoleta MĂRIN, Lavinia BURTAN, Adriana GRIGORE, Daniela MIHALACHE, Sorina CERNAT

Influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization (in doses of 40, 80, 120, 160 kg/ha) and phosphorus (P) fertilization (in doses of 40, 80, 120, 160 kg/ha) on soil organic matter content was studied in a long term experiment at Drăgănești Vlașca. The studied soil was classified as a Cambic Phaeozem and the samples were collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm) after the wheat was harvested. The obtained results showed the following: none of applied nitrogen doses not significantly influenced the content of humus in the soil; when applying 40 kg/ha of phosphorus there was no influence on the content of humus in the soil, instead applying 120 and 160 kg/ha resulted in distinct significant increases of the humus content; simultaneous application of 80-160 kg/ha P and 40-160 kg/ha N led to distinct and very significant increases of the soil humus content; high doses of nitrogen (120 and 160 kg/ha) significantly increased the level of soil hydrolytic acidity. Applying high doses of N resulted in a drop of soil pH. Thus, the pH values decreased with 0.29 to 0.37 units, reaching the point where liming was necessary. In wheat culture, results obtained in 39 years of experiments showed that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization has led to significant yields increases as compared with the unfertilized control. The highest yields were obtained when applying the maximum tested doses of fertilizers.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 2
Written by Minodora TUDORACHE, Ioan CUSTURA, Ilie VAN, Andrei MARMANDIU, Paul ANTON

This paper describes a sequence from a massive experiment analyzing quality of semen material and breeding efficiency in roosters from hybrid ROSS 308. Study was performed to observe influence of some environmental factors (light intensity and poultry density) and of litter type on body weight in males during rising period (0-18 weeks). Several males were used (14 500 cap) in three experimental procedures (A - with analyze parameters sub-standard and litter made of chopped straws B - with analyze parameters above standard and litter made of rice hulls and C - with analyze parameters at the level recommended by the manufacturer of biological material and litter made of wood shavings). In group A body weight values were mostly under standard growth curve and differences were highly significant statistically. In group B body weight values were above standard growth curve (differences highly significant) and in group C A body weight values were close to standard (differences not significant statistically). Comparison of average body weights of individuals from the three groups has revealed that differences between groups are highly significant statistically during whole raising period except weeks 15-16. Therefore it is advisable the usage of analyzed parameters at values slightly above standard for the possibility to obtain poultries with higher body weight more able to resist to transfer stress de and a smaller mortality during next period to create the ground for good breading results of future adults.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Ioannis ROUSSIS, Ilias TRAVLOS, Dimitrios BILALIS, Ioanna KAKABOUKI

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of seed rate and fertilization on yield and yield components of Nigella sativa crop. The experiment was laid out according to a split-plot design with three replicates, two main plots (seed rates: 50 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1) and four sub-plots (fertilization treatments: untreated, compost, sheep manure, inorganic fertilizer). Plants were higher in plots sown at a rate of 60 kg ha-1 (18.2-22.7 cm). The highest number of capsules per plant (5.0-5.8) were found in sub-plots subjected to inorganic fertilization. Moreover, there were significant differences between fertilization treatment regarding seed yield and biological yield. The highest seed yield (911-1066 kg ha-1) and biological yield (3864-4063 kg ha-1) were found in inorganic treatments. The number of branches per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand-seed weight, and Harvest Index was not affected neither by seed rate nor by fertilization. Finally, there was not any significant interaction between seed rate and fertilization.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 3, Number 2
Written by Maria-Daniela BUTURUGA, Dumitru Ilie SANDOIU, Gheorghe STEFANIC

This paper continues other scientific research (Stefanic and Oprea G., 2010, 2011) aimed to rectify the Waksman and Karunacker method for determining the soil capacity to fix (asymbiotically) atmospheric dinitrogen. Their method ignored that Nt, determined by the Kjeldahl digestion, did not include nitrates, because these volatilized during boiling with concentrated H2SO4. That error, repeated by all specialists until the present, made Feher (1954), and Rippel- Baldes (1955) and others conclude that atmospheric dinitrogen fixation is insignificant in comparison with the symbiotical one. In this paper we present some results concerning the negative influence of soil acidity, crop-rotation and any monocultures on the microbiological process.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Alina SIMON, Teodor RUSU, Cornel CHETAN

Conservative tillage techniques are widely used to preserve soil structure and fertility, the use of legumes in crop rotation system help improve soil quality and growth of culture yield which are in rotation.This paper evaluate the yielding of pea cultivated on three different conditions of tillage: conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage were studied for four genotype of afila peas: Tudor, Dora, Bellmondo and Camilla. The experiment was conducted in the years 2014-2015on soil type phaeozem, located in the Transylvanian Plain, Romania.Climatic conditions have a large influence on production, the differences obtained in those two years are being very significant, in 2014 was obtained an average production of 3161 kg/ha compared with 2015, respectively 2380 kg/ha. In conventional tillage system soil has achieved a higher production than in conservative systems, the difference being 163 kg/ha compared to the minimum system and 813 kg/ha compared to the no tillage system. Production differences exist in the case of varieties used in the experiment, varieties Bellmondo and Camilla has good production304 kg/ha respectively 133 kg/ha compared to the average of varieties. Significant values of correlation between morph-productive characters are in the number of plants/m2, the number of pods/m2 and number of grain/m2.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Felicia CHETAN, Teodor RUSU, Cornel CHETAN, Paula Ioana MORARU

The research of some alternative variants to conventional soil tillage (characterized by furrow ploughing) targeted the setup and promotion of some technologies adapted to concrete conditions from different agricultural areas, regarding especially the type of soil, the climate conditions, the land orography and the technical equipment available. The objectives were surveyed from an agronomical, ecological and economical point of view. The failure in putting into practice many of the alternative variants of soil tillage were related to crop weeds, cultural defects and lower productions. The paper presents the results of the research made under the conditions of a Phaeozem situated in the Transylvanian Plain, regarding the influence of soil tillage system conventional system and minimum tillage - with chisel) and the fertilization & herbicide system upon the degree of weeds, production and economical of corn crop, during 2011-2014. The soil tillage system and climate conditions of the agricultural year influenced the weeds in the corn crop. In the case of minimum tillage bigger weeds have been registered, of 33.67 weeds/m2 compared to the conventional tillage, with 29.17 weeds/m2. In a drought year, respectively 2012, weeds grew the most (35.50 weeds/m2), they reduce during a normal climate year 2013, to 27.50 weeds/m2, and in 2014 which was considered a rainy year, favorable to corn crop, weeds were 31.25 weeds/m2. The soil tillage system hasn’t influenced significantly corn productions, they were almost equal in the two systems. Corn production is influenced significantly by the climate conditions of the agricultural year, ranging between 5392-6102 kg/ha. The economic efficiency of the minimum tillage system is higher and it results from the reduction of fuel consumption to 84.4 l/ha compared to conventional system, which needs 101.5 liters/ha for all the soil tillage. Subtracting total expenses (material and fuel) from the value of the production made within each technological system it results a profit of 112.9 lei/ha, which overall minimum tillage technology means a reduction by 6.6%.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Ilie COVRIG, Camelia OROIAN, Petru BURDUHOS, Ioan OROIAN, Antonia ODAGIU

The threats of diseases against forests, together with climatic factors, are of highest concern worldwide. In common oak, powdery mildew is one of the most harmful diseases. In Romania, it is considered to be produced by Microsphaera abbreviata Peck sin. Erysiphe abbreviata Peck. In our trial, we aimed to test the influence of temperature, air relative humidity, and wind velocity characteristic for two areas in Cluj and Maramureș Counties; we tested their influence on the Microsphaera abbreviata Peck attack upon common oak and we quantified the relationships identified between the mentioned climatic factors and the Microsphaera abbreviata Peck attack degree between May 15th and June 14th 2016.Within that period, the Microsphaera abbreviata Peck attack was reported in both experimental fields. A larger mean attack degree and share of attacked oak trees were found in the experimental forest located in Maramureș County, compared to the reports from the experimental oak forest located in Cluj County. The results of our research emphasized the interrelationships between the considered environmental parameters and the Microsphaera abbreviate Peck attack degree on oak trees. The quantification of these relationships showed stronger values in the experimental field located in Cluj County, compared to the experimental field located in Maramureș County.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Daniela MIHALACHE, Ana Maria STĂNESCU

Organic substances, such as: protein hydrolysates of animal origin (composed of peptides, ureide and amino acids) and protein hydrolysates of vegetal origin (algae extracts) can be successfully used to obtain new fertilizers formulas. These natural protein hydrolysates are embedded in different NPK matrix that contains meso and microelements, i.e. Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mg, S, Co, Mo, resulting thus a variety of foliar fertilizers that can be used in both, conventional and organic farming (especially to protect crops from stress factors, climatic accidents and to prevent or correct nutritional deficiencies). The efficacy of these foliar fertilizers was tested in the National Network for Fertilizers Testing on sunflower crop. The tested products showed a favorable influence on sunflower seeds production by stimulating the accumulation of biomass and increasing the number of seeds/capitulum. The obtained results showed significant production yields, statistically insured.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "AgroLife Journal", Vol. 4 ISSUE 1
Written by Cristina Andreea OPREA, Doru Ioan MARIN, Ciprian BOLOHAN

Our research was aimed to analyse the behavior of the grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench var. Eusorghum) grown under the ecological conditions of Southeastern Romania (Moara Domneasca, Ilfov county), and to assess its yield potential. Research was based on a split plot experiment where the following factors were analyzed: Factor A – grain sorghum hybrids with three graduations - Alize, Aquilon, Arack, Factor B - distance between rows with two graduations – at 70 cm and 50 cm, Factor C - fertilization treatments with 10 graduations – N0P0K0 (Control), N60P0K0, N90P0K0, N120P0K0, N90P60K0, N90P60K0+foliar fertilization, N90P60K60, N90P60K60+foliar fertilization, N120P60K0, N120P60K60. In the field conditions of the 2013-2014 agricultural year, grain sorghum crop produced a total average biomass (September, 2014) that varied from 26.59 t/ha in the hybrid Arack to 26.70 t/ha in the hybrid Alize at 70 cm distance between rows, and between 26.71 t/ha in the hybrid Alize and 27.75 t/ha in the hybrid Arack at the distance of 50 cm between rows. Depending on the fertilization rates, the total biomass at 70 cm between rows ranged from 19.18 t/ha in the hybrid Arack unfertilized to 31.69 t/ha in the hybrid Aquilon fertilized N120P60K60+fertilization during the vegetative period. At the distance of 50 cm between rows the total biomass according to the fertilization rates varied between 19.14 t/ha in the hybrid Alize unfertilized and 31.77 t/ha in the hybrid Aquilon fertilized N120P60K60+fertilization during the vegetative period. The average grain yield for the three hybrids, depending on the fertilization rates, varied from 6 t/ha (Ct) to 10.6 t/ha (N120P60K60+fertilization during the vegetative period) for the distance of 70 cm between rows and from 6.2 t/ha (Ct) and 10.4 t/ha (N120P60K60+fertilization during the vegetative period) for the distance of 50 cm between rows.

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