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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Doru Ioan MARIN, Ciprian BOLOHAN, Cristina Andreea OPREA, Leonard ILIE

Naked oat is a spring cereal crop with a good yield potential and high nutritional grain value owing to its high content of protein, fiber, fat and minerals. The trend of climate change by increasing temperatures and aridity has a negative influence upon plant growth and crop yield stability. Analyzing the evolution of climatic conditions for the Ilfov area (Southeastern Romania) in the past 10 years (2006-2015), we observed an increase in average temperature by 1.50C and a decrease in the annual rain autumn amount by 45.4 mm. Research was conducted for the naked oats crop (GK Zalan variety) and the purpose was to analyze plant growth and yield potential by sowing the crop in autumn, as compared with the spring crops and the influence of mineral fertilization. All the analyzed parameters (panicles/sqm; number of panicle/plant; yield grain /panicle; thousand grains weight; hectolitre mass, grain yield) had maximum values for the autumn sowing period (October) and N100P50 fertilization level. Grain yield was 3,962 kg.ha-1 exceeding the spring crop yield by 55% (2,550 kg.ha-1).

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 3, Number 2
Written by Nicolae IONESCU, Aurelian PENESCU, Sorin Gabriel IONESCU

Tipically, in our autumn wheat and barley have sown in a relatively wide range, due to variuos causes: climate (Slater, 1976), management etc. To clarify what would be the most appropriate range for the plants to know the physiology of the most favorable, decadal have experienced many moments of sowing several years. Period was thus between Sept. 10 and Nov. 1 (6 points sowing). Plants were studied by several indices for physiology expression (Stoy, 1969) i.e. leaf area index (LAI), the photosynthetic potential by leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR) and grain yield. Among these features were found match, but on the contrary, some are even contradictory. Thus, if the maximum LAI of wheat was obtained from Oct. 1 (9.2 m2 leaf/m2 soil), the maximum photosynthetic potential was still to Oct. 1 (1.48 km2 leaf x day), and maximum net assimilation rate was obtained in Oct. 10 (6.63 g d.m./m2/day). LAI of barley was Oct. 1 (7.4 m2 leaf/m2 soil), maximum LAD Sep. 20 (1.11 km2 leaf x day), and maximum NAR Oct. 10 (7.05 g d.m./m2/day). In these conditions, the maximum grain production was formed for wheat in Oct. 1 with an extension until Oct. 20. Winter barley was maximum in Oct. 1 with an extension from Sept. 20 until Oct. 10.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Mevlüt GÜL, Halil PARLAK

The production of green beans increased by 6.5 times from 3,106 tons in 1991 to 20,199 tons in 2015 in Burdur. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the use of inputs and problems of farmers who produce green beans in Burdur province. The study was carried out in the central district of the province of Burdur, where the production of green beans was the most intensive. Stratified sampling method was applied and the number of samples according to this method was determined as 112 farmers. Data were obtained by the face-to-face survey method. Sales quantities of farmers in the region varied depending on the cultivation area and yield of green bean. It was found that the use of unit labour in the unit area was 251.72 MLU hours in the production of green beans. Machine power usage was calculated as 2.18 hours per decares. The amount of seed used was 8.20 kilograms. The most important criterion in the preference of green bean cultivation was the high possibility of irrigation and productivity in the region. Sale of green beans starts at the end of July and lasts until the 15th of September. The prices of green beans were largely determined by the companies. Farmers sell their products wholesaler-trader. It can be said that the cultivation of green bean cultivation will continue through the factors such as the suitability of climate conditions, irrigation opportunities in the region, high yields and inadequate supply. However, the presence of a single collection center for the sale of products in the region is perceived as a threat. It can be stated that the producer's activity in the market may be more prominent with the establishment of the producer association and the development of organizational awareness in green bean growers in the region.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Mala-Maria STAVRESCU-BEDIVAN, Gina VASILE SCĂEŢEANU, Roxana Maria MADJAR, Mali Sanda MANOLE

Length-weight relationship, Fulton’s K condition factor and the size structure were assessed for unsexed cyprinid gibel carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) (N= 100) caught from Pantelimon II Lake area - a man-made lake from Colentina River. Negative allometric growth was estimated for gibel carp in both seasons: TW = 0.0396 x TL2.7583 (N=50, November 2016) and TW = 0.0269 x TL2.8639 (N=50, May 2017). Condition factor K registered values between 1.44 and 2.38 (cold season), 1.49 and 3.79 (warm season). The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus-phosphate were determined, in order to evaluate the impact of abiotic environmental conditions on fish population. The microbiological examination of water quality was also carried out, to detect the micromycetes which may pose health risk to both human and fish. The presence of Penicillium spp. and some yeast strains were confirmed in water samples from the studied area. According to all analyzed parameters, the water resource was found to be within the suitable range for well-being of C. gibelio, which is important assuming that local fishermen often catch and eat gibel carp. To our knowledge, this paper provides first information on length-weight relationship, Fulton’s K condition factor and the size structure of Carassius gibelio from Pantelimon II Lake.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 5, Number 1
Written by Yusuf AYDIN, Burak SALTUK, Atılgan ATILGAN, Ali YÜCEL, Koray ÖZRENK

Growing of Siirt type of pistachio has a significant potential in the agriculture of Siirt province. As a result of the studies on this issue performed by public and legal institutions in recent years, while about 2000 tons of products were taken from the area in 4545.3 ha in 2002, these values reached about 11.000 tons of products in 25.000 ha by the end of 2014. Considering the climatic conditions of the region, the fact that summer is very hot and irregularity in the precipitation regime further increase the importance of irrigation and make it necessary for cultural practices in farming. However, pistachio orchards are not irrigated or tried to be contented with a little water due to the reasons such as the topographical structure of the area where farming is performed, irrigation water constraints, and any other reasons. The questionnaire study was carried out to determine the local farmers' tendencies on Siirt pistachio irrigation, problems faced, and the solution offers. For this purpose, the questionnaire form consisting of 40 questions was prepared, and data were collected using the Simple Random Sampling method. By this method, questionnaires were filled in by making face to face interviews with 177 farmers in 73 villages of 7 districts where farming is intensively performed. The obtained data were analyzed using MINITAB 16 statistical program. As a result of the statistical analyses, an attempt to contribute to the solution of the problems was made by developing solutions to identified problems.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 1
Written by Alena SCHMIDT, Dragoș SMEDESCU, Gabriele MACK, Gina FÎNTÎNERU

Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient in agriculture production. While most of the European countries have a highly positive N gross balance (Leip et al., 2011; EUROSTAT, 2017), Romania had a negative gross N balance in the year 2013. A positive N balance indicates the risk of pollution by nitrate (N03-), ammonia (NH4+) and nitrous oxide (N20). In contrast, a negative N balance might show the risk of soil depletion. We estimated an N soil surface balance and assessed the potential uncertainties in the data as well as the relation between N inputs and N outputs. The Romanian agriculture has a high N use efficiency of 0.99. Over the last 20 years we observed a slightly positive N soil surface balance of 0.1 kg per ha. The average N inputs accounted for around 40 kg N per ha. The fluctuation of the N soil surface balance between the years is high and mainly caused by the high fluctuation of N outputs, as due to weather fluctuations and plant pest, the yield does not achieve its’ potential yield. However, the method of soil surface balance has some drawbacks, as farm internal fluxes are separated. Therefore, the calculation of an N farm gate balance would add some benefits as it is regarded as more precise due to the consideration of animal production.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Ami PATEL, Aparna SV, Nihir SHAH, Deepak Kumar VERMA

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long history of safe use in diverse fermented dairy and food products and offers health enlivening possessions as probiotics. Apart from this, recently, several Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. have been found to bind with metal ions through metabolism independent mechanism like surface binding by adsorption and ion exchange. The major contaminants encountered in milk and other food products chiefly include pesticide residues, heavy metals, and aflatoxin M1. Milk may get contaminated before milking from the cattle feed, sources/materials employed during the milk processing and inappropriate handling of milk during the pre- and post-processing period. It will ultimately lead to magnification of the specific metal or related contaminants in the finished product. The bioquenching/biosorption abilities of LAB will help to formulate natural treatments to decrease metal toxicity from drinking water, dairy and food products as well as within human body through development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Elena TOMA, Ionela Mituko VLAD

This paper tries to emphasize the changes in concentration of Romanian agricultural holdings and their utilized agricultural area, during 2002-2016 periods. Our research was based on census data at county level (40 counties) and utilized concentration indicators, like Herfindahl – Hirschman Index, Gini-Struck Coefficient, Gini Coefficient and Concentration Index. The results showed, in general, a low concentration, respectively an equitable distribution between counties of land and farms. However, we observed in the 2002-2016 periods a slightly increase in inequality (a higher concentration) when we analysed the number of individual agricultural holdings, the UAA of non-individual agricultural farms, the UAA of farms with under 10 ha and over 100 ha and the leased land. Also, the process of concentration had a higher growth in counties with hill and mountain landscape.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 7, Number 1
Written by Adrian HRUȘCĂ, Andreea RĂCHIŞAN, Erich SORANTIN

Objectives: MRI is proven to be an accurate method for noninvasive assessment of cardiac function in tetralogy of Fallot patients (TOF). Various geometrical models are used in healthy patients to quantify cardiac function. The purpose of this study is to assess the reproducibility and validity of these geometrical models in patients operated on for TOF by comparison with cMRI. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 59 patients with TOF (mean age 22.46±6.67). Left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) were quantified based on a 1.5 Tesla MRI. The LV volumes and EF were either assessed with modified Simpson rule (SR), hemisphere cylinder model (HC), single plane ellipsoid model (EM) and 4 chamber Simpson rule (4cSR). Results: Good correlations were found for all volumes and EF for SR mode compared with full volume data set (r2 ranged between 0.63 and 0.82 with a p value <0.001 for all correlations). The HC, EM and 4cSR models proved to be less useful for the EF assessment (r2 >0.53 for HC, r20.1 and r2>0.41 for 4cSR respectively). Conclusion: Only SR model has proven to be a valuable method for the assessment of LV volumes, stroke volume and EF in TOF patients.

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Published in AgroLife Scientific Journal, Volume 6, Number 2
Written by Mihaela PREDA, Veronica TĂNASE, Nicoleta Olimpia VRÎNCEANU

The use of sewage sludge as fertilizer in agricultural soils is considered an economical way to use the high amounts produced by wastewater treatment plants. Besides the benefit, meaning high content of organic matter and nutrients, sewage sludge can have a negative impact on environment because it can contain persistent organic pollutants or heavy metals. The aim of this study is to establish the level of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides in sewage sludge collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants. The PCB IUPAC no. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180 and ten organochlorines were extracted with organic solvents, purified with copper and silicagel and analysed by gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry. The concentration of total PCBs ranged from 3ng/g to 59.2ng/g dry weight, levels below the upper limit for land application according to Romanian legislation law for agricultural use. The predominant congeners found in sewage sludge were PCB 28, PCB 52 and PCB 138. PCB homologue profiles are dominated by Tri-CBs and Tetra-CBs. The contamination of sewage sludge samples with organochlorine insecticides refers only to the presence of DDE and dieldrin. The other insecticides (aldrin, HCH, ppDDT and ppDDD) are undetectable.

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